Since its inception in 1989, World Enzymes Australia, now a division of Mitebridge Pty Ltd, has developed and is continuing to develop a broad base of knowledge and application expertise in a wide variety of specialised areas. Primarily focused in soil stabilisation and waste control the company has continued to develop its product range and define its market niche. By combining our enzyme technologies with recent research and development into polymer products, the company is emerging as a strong and competent performer in the area of applied chemistry. All of this is consistent with our central theme - a company committed to combining innovative chemical technologies with sound engineering principles.

Enzymes are continually making the News

More than 5000 enzymes are known to man today and more are being discovered.
 

EEndurazyme is a unique multi-enzyme product specifically

  developed as an effective aid to the workability, mixibility, binding and compaction of soil.

Endurazyme significantly improves stability in construction of roads, dams, landing strips and many other related projects.

Endurazyme is a totally natural biodegradable product. By its actions it alters and improves a soils physical and chemical properties which result, in significantly less mechanical effort to achieve greater densities for compaction.

Endurazyme offers a convenient and low cost method for improving a soils strength and durability, enabling lower construction costs, less maintenance and greater road performance.

Endurazyme has cationic actions which bind dust particles together to maintain a longer dust free environment.

Endurazyme suspends in water needing no agitation and is easily applied, with standard water spraying equipment, to any application.
 

Properties of an enzyme

Enzymes are fundamental to biological processes. They facilitate all the chemical reactions necessary for life. They are also used in many commercial processes such as improving laundry detergents, paper pulping and brewing. And now this is being extended to the protection of the environment and the production of clean food. The use of enzymes is not new, they have been used since 1867 and the name enzyme was suggested in 1867 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837/1900). 

More information on enzymes Click here.
 

Enzymatic

What is an enzyme

Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.

Biological Degradation
Biological degradation is called biotransformation, and in the breakdown of wastes, is usually facilitated through micro-organisms, such as soil bacteria and fungi. While these are simple organisms, they contain a number of biochemical processes which are able to break down larger chemicals, which are often found in wastes. This breakdown is called enzymatic degradation, as it is controlled by proteins called enzymes. The reason that micro-organisms breakdown materials is that this is their mechanism of digestion - they take complex molecules such as carbohydrates or proteins in waste material, and they break them down to simple molecules which are immediately useful to the organism, which can be absorbed and used to grow, reproduce and proliferate. This means that the rate of breakdown will increase. An example of this process is the microbial breakdown of proteins by proteolytic enzymes into amino acids. These can then be absorbed and used to synthesise further proteins inside the organism, which then grow, divide and multiply. 
 
 
 

ENZYMES IN YEAR 2004

ENZYMATIC is a high performance, non-toxic and biodegradable multiple enzyme at the forefront of the modern Australian biotechnology industry. It breaks down oils and greases in septic tanks, sludge treatment ponds, grease traps, holding tanks, floors, drains and pipes making it easier for the bacteria to consume any organic waste matter.  At the same time, it rapidly eliminates Odour.  ENZYMATIC is effective over a wide range of pH levels and temperatures.  Because it is in a liquid form, bacterial stimulation is immediate and there are no residues.  It can also be sprayed and used for a wide range of general purpose cleaning problems. 
FEATURES

Deodorises by destroying the molecular structures which cause odour problems

Reduces levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) by enzymolysis through decomposition or conversion of the contaminants

Fully neutralises contaminants as a bio-degradable cleaner

Removes grease and oils

Improves bonding and adhesion

Safe to use, is non-toxic, non-allergenic and non-inflammable

Is totally environmentally compatible

Biodegrades the removed organic contaminant

Leaves no residue

Functions equally in fresh or salt water

Function in aerobic and anaerobic systems

ODOUR  ELIMINATION

Applications: -

Aircraft
Armed Services
Bakeries
Bars
Boats & Ships ( bilges, heads, holding tanks)
Cafes
Carpet Cleaning
Commercial & Industrial Kitchens
Compost Heaps & Bins
Dairy Farms
Fast Food Outlets
Fish Processing Plants
Garbage Bins & collection Areas
Garbage Tips & trucks
Grease Traps
Horse Stables
Hospitals
Hotels & Motels
Kennels Cats & Dogs
Local Councils
Meat Processing Works
Milk Processing
Nursing Homes
Offshore Rigs
Pig Farms
Poultry Farms & processing
Private Homes
Pump Wells
Railways
Restaurants
Septic Tanks
Sewage processing works
Shopping Centres
Sporting Grounds & clubs
Tip Faces
Transfer Stations
Waste Water Plants
 

Enzyme Information

Enzyme, any one of many specialised organic substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms. The name enzyme was suggested in 1867 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (18371900); it is derived from the Greek phrase enzyme, meaning in leaven. Those enzymes identified now number well over 900.
Enzymes are classified into several broad categories, such as hydrolytic, oxidising, and reducing, depending on the type of reaction they control. Hydrolytic enzymes accelerate reactions in which a substance is broken down into simpler compounds through reaction with water molecules. Oxidising enzymes, known as oxidases, accelerate oxidation reactions; reducing enzymes speed up reduction reactions, in which oxygen is removed. Many other enzymes catalyse other types of reactions.
Individual enzymes are named by adding ase to the name of the substrate with which they react. The enzyme that controls urea decomposition is called urease; those that control protein hydrolyses are known as proteinases. Some enzymes, such as the proteinases trypsin and pepsin, retain the names used before this nomenclature was adopted.

Properties of Enzymes
As the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius suggested in 1823, enzymes are typical catalysts: they are capable of increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process. See CATALYSIS below.
Some enzymes, such as pepsin and trypsin, which bring about the digestion of meat, control many different reactions, whereas others, such as urease, are extremely specific and may accelerate only one reaction. Still others release energy to make the heart beat and the lungs expand and contract. Many facilitate the conversion of sugar and foods into the various substances the body requires for tissue building, the replacement of blood cells, and the release of chemical energy to move muscles. Pepsin, trypsin, and some other enzymes possess, in addition, the peculiar property known as autocatalysis, which permits them to cause their own formation from an inert precursor called zymogen. As a consequence, these enzymes may be reproduced in a test tube.
As a class, enzymes are extraordinarily efficient. Minute quantities of an enzyme can accomplish at low temperatures what would require violent reagents and high temperatures by ordinary chemical means. About 30 g (about 1 oz) of pure crystalline pepsin, for example, would be capable of digesting nearly 2 metric tons of egg white in a few hours.
The kinetics of enzyme reactions differ somewhat from those of simple inorganic reactions. Each enzyme is selectively specific for the substance in which it causes a reaction and is most effective at a temperature peculiar to it. Although an increase in temperature may accelerate a reaction, enzymes can be unstable when over heated. The catalytic activity of an enzyme is determined primarily by the enzyme's amino acid sequence and by the tertiary structure that is, the three-dimensional folded structure of the macromolecule. Many enzymes require the presence of another ion or a molecule, called a cofactor, in order to function.  As a rule, enzymes do not attack living cells. As soon as a cell dies, however, it is rapidly digested by enzymes that break down protein. 
The resistance of the living cell is due to the enzyme's inability to pass through the membrane of the cell as long as the cell lives. When the cell dies, its membrane becomes permeable, and the enzyme can then enter the cell and destroy the protein within it. Some cells also contain enzyme inhibitors, known as antienzymes, which prevent the action of an enzyme upon a substrate.
Practical Uses of Enzymes 
Alcoholic fermentation and other important industrial processes depend on the action of enzymes that are synthesised by the yeasts and bacteria used in the production process. A number of enzymes are used for medical purposes. Some have been useful in treating areas of local inflammation; trypsin is employed in removing foreign matter and dead tissue from wounds and burns.
Historical Review 
Alcoholic fermentation is undoubtedly the oldest known enzyme reaction. This and similar phenomena were believed to be spontaneous reactions until 1857, when the French chemist Louis Pasteur proved that fermentation occurs only in the presence of living cells. Subsequently, however, the German chemist Eduard Buchner discovered (1897) that a cell free extract of yeast can cause alcoholic fermentation. The ancient puzzle was then solved; the yeast cell produces the enzyme, and the enzyme brings about the fermentation. As early as 1783 the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani had observed that meat could be digested by gastric juices extracted from hawks. This experiment was probably the first in which a vital reaction was performed outside the living organism. After Buchner's discovery scientists assumed that fermentations and vital reactions in general were caused by enzymes. Nevertheless, all attempts to isolate and identify their chemical nature were unsuccessful. In 1926, however, the American biochemist James B. Sumner succeeded in isolating and crystallising urease. Four years later pepsin and trypsin were isolated and crystallised by the American biochemist John H. Northrop. Enzymes were found to be proteins and Northrop proved that the protein was actually the enzyme and not simply a carrier for another compound.
Research in enzyme chemistry in recent years has shed new light on some of the most basic functions of life. Ribonuclease, a simple three-dimensional enzyme discovered in 1938 by the American bacteriologist René Dubos and isolated in 1946 by the American chemist Moses Kunitz, was synthesised by American researchers in 1969. The synthesis involves hooking together 124 molecules in a very specific sequence to form the macromolecule. Such syntheses led to the probability of identifying those areas of the molecule that carry out its chemical functions, and opened up the possibility of creating specialised enzymes with properties not possessed by the natural substances. This potential has been greatly expanded in recent years by genetic engineering techniques that have made it possible to produce some enzymes in great quantity.
The medical uses of enzymes are illustrated by research into Lasparaginase, which is thought to be a potent weapon for treatment of leukaemia; into dextrinases, which may prevent tooth decay; and into the malfunctions of enzymes that may be linked to such diseases as phenylketonuria, diabetes, and anaemia and other blood disorders.

CATALYST
Catalysis, alteration of the speed of a chemical reaction, through the presence of an additional substance, known as a catalyst, that remains chemically unchanged by the reaction. Enzymes, which are among the most powerful catalysts, play an essential role in living organisms, where they accelerate reactions that otherwise would require temperatures that would destroy most of the organic matter.
A catalyst in a solution with or in the same phase as the reactants is called a homogeneous catalyst. The catalyst combines with one of the reactants to form an intermediate compound that reacts more readily with the other reactant. The catalyst, however, does not influence the equilibrium of the reaction, because the decomposition of the products into the reactants is speeded up to a similar degree. An example of homogeneous catalysis is the formation of sulfur trioxide by the reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen, in which nitric oxide serves as a catalyst. The reaction temporarily forms the intermediate compound nitrogen dioxide, which then reacts with oxygen to form sulfur oxide. The same amount of nitric oxide exists at the end as at the start of the reaction.
A catalyst that is in a separate phase from the reactants is said to be a heterogeneous, or contact, catalyst. Contact catalysts are materials with the capability of adsorbing molecules of gases or liquids onto their surfaces. An example of heterogeneous catalysis is the use of finely divided platinum to catalyse the reaction of carbon monoxide with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. This reaction is used in catalytic converters mounted in automobiles to eliminate carbon monoxide from the exhaust gases.
Some substances, called promoters, do not have catalytic ability by themselves but increase the effectiveness of a catalyst. For example, if alumina is added to finely divided iron, it increases the ability of the iron to catalyse the formation of ammonia from a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. Materials that reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst, on the other hand, are referred to as poisons. Lead compounds reduce the ability of platinum to act as a catalyst; therefore, an automobile equipped with a catalytic converter for emission control must be fuelled with unleaded petrol.
Catalysts are of major importance in today's industrial world. It has been estimated that about 20 percent of the U.S.A. gross national product is generated through the use of catalytic processes. One current area of active research in catalysis is that of enzymes. Natural enzymes have long been used by a few industries, but fewer than 30 such enzymes are presently available in industrial amounts. Biotechnologists are seeking ways in which to expand this resource and also to develop semisynthetic enzymes for highly specific tasks. Some tasks under development are mining for coal and gold using Enzymes to do the work. 

By Brian Jackson. 2/5/06
 

Copyright © World Enzymes Australia

Endurazyme Extra

Bioenzymes where developed within the food processing Industry and are also used extensively in cleaning agents and cosmetics.
The mechanisms of bioenzyme stabilisers are proprietary and a closely guarded secret. However, their general nature can be understood as follows.
Bioenzyme stabilisers provide a bacterial culture in an enzyme solution. When exposed to the carbon dioxide in the air, the bacteria multiply rapidly and produce large organic molecules, which the enzyme attaches to the clay molecules in the aggregate, blanketing ion exchange points in the clay. This action prevents further absorption of moisture and results in a stable construction material. During the hydration that follows compaction, ionised water forms linkages between the closely packed particles, providing the cementing bond. 

The 1991 transportation research paper on "non-standard stabilisation of aggregate road surfaces" by Douglas E.Scholen and Skip Coghlan, states that more than 100 miles of road was treated and studied for this paper. Using three general types of stabilisers, pozzolans, Bioenzymes and electrolytes.

In conclusion to the 300 page paper they observed improvements in performance and reductions in maintenance far exceed those of control sections or any other untreated aggregate surfaces. Bioenzymes were noted to be particularly outstanding, in some cases extending maintenance frequencies from biweekly to biannually. The low construction cost for these materials can easily be offset in reduced aggregate loss, reduced maintenance, and improved serviceability. Endurazyme Extra contains a blended formulation of both enzymes and an electrolyte.

Legal Disclaimer Click here

All content ©1995-2008