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ENZYMATIC BILGE AND SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT

ENZYMATIC is a bio catalytic system of preformed enzymes in a liquid concentrate from which stimulates and accelerates natural biological reactions. When combined with fresh or salt water and oxygen, the product will cause crude oil, jet fuel, diesel oil and other organic substances to rapidly decompose, biodegrading them to carbon dioxide and water as end products.

• ENZYMATIC is stable and non-toxic to humans, animals, marine life and plant life. It is 100% biodegradable.
• ENZYMATIC works only with the indigenous bacteria. No cultured or foreign bacteria are introduced into the ecosystem.
• ENZYMATIC is non-flammable; it will reduce fire hazards by increasing flash points and auto ignition threshold points in substances such as gasoline or fuel oil.
• ENZYMATIC eliminates obnoxious odours associated with crude oil, petroleum derivatives and other organic molecules that are proceeding through the natural decomposing process.
• ENZYMATIC is fully compatible with most types of application equipment now in use. The product may be easily applied by hand or power sprayers, helicopter, airplane or floating equipment. Its application requires no special safety equipment.

What is ENZYMATIC bilge water treatment?

ENZYMATIC bilge water treatment is a member of the World Enzymes Australia's family of enzyme products that have been formulated to specifically catabolize hydrocarbon molecules and the fat, oil and grease features of such molecules.

ENZYMATIC bilge water treatment is a natural product based on fermentation chemistry and includes additional components formulated for specific, molecular, biochemical roles. The product, in itself, has been designed to be fully biodegradable.

The completed formulation utilizes several families or classes of enzymes.

The fermentation chemistry also yields other primary and secondary elements, such as coenzymes, amino acids, vitamins, co-factors, and other essential minerals which provide a micro-nutrient friendly environment to maximize specifically targeted microbial growth stimulation agents and bio-emulsifiers to assist in altering surface chemistry in order to position the enzyme activities in the most favourable molecular embrace.

HOW DOES ENZYMATIC BILGE WATER TREATMENT WORK?

ENZYMATIC Bilge Water Treatment has been designed to enhance and greatly accelerate the normal biodegradation cycle that nature has wisely provided. The product breaks down difficult molecular structures, such as hydrocarbons, so that the resultant fatty acids are presented to the indigenous microbial flora in a more easily digestible form. Those bacteria that have specific genetic dispositions to metabolise hydrocarbon fatty acids out compete their less endowed microbial cousins. These genetically expressed hydrocarbon eating microbes will proliferate in a disproportionate number vis-à-vis the other microbes until the hydrocarbon contaminate levels are reduced to non-hazardous levels. At that point the large colonies of specialized microbes will atrophy, for lack of adequate nutrition; and the normal bacterial flora balance will be re-established.

The enzyme quotient of the formula will accomplish its objective by catalysing, hydrolysing, cleaving, oxidizing, molecular rearranging or oxidative coupling reactions - depending on the mechanism required. The indigenous hydrocarbon loving bacteria will further breakdown the complex chemical bonds of the fatty acids to a more easily digestible ketones and oxygen bonds that less specific aerobic bacteria can metabolise. The lipase esterase class of enzymes into fatty acids and glycerol hydrolyses the fats, oils, and grease elements of the hydrocarbon molecules initially. A sequential cascade of still other enzymes to lower molecular weight compounds further digests the glycerol, completely miscible in water. In this case, the end points of the completed enzymatic and bacterial activity are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H2_O) and simple salts. It should be noted that the enzymes do not degrade or change basic elements (such as sulphur, nitrogen, calcium, etc.), but they often do change the form and nature of the compound in which the basic elements are found. Enzyme chemistry is a relative new discipline. Ten thousand enzymes have been identified - four thousand (4000) of these within the last 15 years. It is believed this represents a fraction of the total number of enzymes that exists in nature. Of the known 5000 enzymes identified, less than 300 have been molecularly characterized. While it is extremely difficult to establish the exact Enzymatic degradation pathways of specific molecules, we can point to generalizations of a series of reaction types.

WHAT IS THE PRODUCT TARGETED AT?
In this case, the hydrogen family of compounds found in water, soil, and the air is the prescribed target of ENZYMATIC bilge water treatment. This would include such petroleum-derived products as:

Crude oil, drilling mud, creosote, kerosene,
coal tars, gasoline, diesel, bunker fuels,
lubricating and hydraulic fluids.

Other contaminate groups would include aliphatic compounds, chlorinated aromatic compounds and chlorinated and non-chlorinated phenols.

It has also been shown that the product has unique features in odour elimination of such gasses as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, mercaptan, and other noxious odours emanating from anaerobic decomposition. The odour elimination activity happens in a very short period of time and effectively eliminates valorisation of light chain organic molecules, such as BET'X group of petrochemicals, into the atmosphere.

HOW IS ENZYMATIC BILGE WATER TREATMENT APPLIED?
The product is fully compatible with most types of application equipment now in use. ENZYMATIC may be easily applied with hand or power sprayers, standard eductor tubes, helicopters, airplane or floating equipment. No special nozzles or hoses are required.

Water or Beach Spills

Method 1: Spray ENZYMATIC onto the perimeter of the oil spill to retard its spreading.

Method 2:  Spray ENZYMATIC onto the entire surface of the spill. Standard High Pressure Spray Equipment (500 psi) can be used to apply ENZYMATIC.

Attacking the spill either totally or at critical perimeters will require only ordinary liquid application equipment such as a tank, pump and nozzle that can apply ENZYMATIC at high pressure.

Dilute the concentrate 15 to 1 with either fresh or salt water.  For general application 85 litres of ENZYMATIC mixed with 1200 litres of water will treat one hectare of surface area.

For heavy application 5cm deep or more it is recommended that the ENZYMATIC solution be applied up to 3 treatments over consecutive days may be necessary   

SHORE AREAS ALREADY CONTAMINATED.

ENZYMATIC a mixture of 15 parts water to 1 part concentrate should be applied to contaminated beaches, shore structures, and vegetation. It is recommended that a through soaking of the effect beach area be done at low tide.  High tide will then help cleanse the area of oil, break down residues and leach out the balance. The beach area not reached by high tide should be thoroughly sprayed, followed in 4 to 5 hours with a water rinse to aid the digesting process.

If oil is deposited on land areas above high tide level, turn the contaminated soil with a disc a few days after applying ENZYMATIC.  The earth should then be sprayed with one part ENZYMATIC mixed with 30 parts of water, followed with a water rinse in 3 days.

EXPERIMENT CARRIED OUT BY: - IT ANALYTICAL SERVICES

AND Dr H.MACHAMER

13 January 1993

Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils and Bilges

In general, an application rate of 1 litre of ENZYMATIC for each litre of petroleum contaminate (a ratio 1:1) is required to treat lightly contaminated bilges. A heavy contaminated bilge might require a stronger dosage. This is dosed on the amount of contaminate not water in the bilge. Contact your representative for specific custom application rates for the first time users, and for heavily contaminated bilges.

Each treatment site may differ in its requirements and modality of treatment. Factors that can influence the tactical use of Enzymatic are:

1. Redox Potential
2. Availability of Nutrients
3. PH levels
4. Temperature
5. Nature and Concentration of Contaminates
6. Heavy Metals

Should these variables complicate the application and treatment procedures, the ENZYMATIC bilge water treatment works well with other commonly accepted treatment modalities such as venting, injection aeration, aeration lagoons, and flocculants for removal of heavy metals.

WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC DATA?

The successful biodegradation of petroleum is dependent on two factors: Firstly having the enzymes and coenzymes reduce the petroleum to a base form that can be readily assimilated by bacteria, and secondly, stimulating the proliferation of natural occurring non-pathogenic heterotrophic bacteria. Independent laboratory studies from specialists in petroleum technology have qualified the bilge water treatment to dramatically reduce petroleum contaminates. Another benefit of the ENZYMATIC treatment is its ability to break the matrix that holds suspended metals.

Heads and holding tanks

ENZYMATIC Digestion ‑

Otherwise known as enzymolysis, being the decomposition or conversion of contaminants by one or more enzymes.

In the first step of the cleaning mechanism, ENZYMATIC displaces air from the liquid‑solid interface and thoroughly wets the soiled surface. This is followed by a number of spontaneous processes leading to emulsification of the contaminants. The enzyme molecules then react biocatalytically to digest complex oil, grease and natural fat‑bound substances present in this emulsified form.

The biocatalytic process is simply understood in terms of the 'key lock' hypothesis where the active sites on large enzyme molecules are envisaged as locks into which the contaminant molecules ‑ or keys ‑ are inserted and subsequently digested. Being potent catalysts, the enzymes in ENZYMATIC are unchanged throughout the cleaning process and take part in the reaction over and over again until all the oily contaminant is consumed ­hence the unsurpassed efficiency of Enzymatic cleaners.

For example, when treated with ENZYMATIC a contaminant layer based on oil or grease (of petroleum or fatty acid origin) is converted to lower molecular weight compounds. The latter are easily biodegraded in a natural environment to fully neutralise end products. The enzymolysis also proceeds when the layer of greasy contaminant is embedded with insoluble organic or inorganic debris (cellulose, clay, soot, inorganic oxides, etc).

This action reduces BOD’s, COD’s, oils grease and fats, suspended solids, odour and balances the systems pH.  Reduction of sludge is a natural action of this process and reductions of 40% to 60% have been documented.

There are many organisms naturally present in traps and lines. Few affect animal and vegetable fats and oils. In order to deal effectively with grease biologically, it is necessary to induce a population shift from undesirable to desirable organisms (i.e., to dominate microbial activity). Bioaugumentation with ENZYMATIC accomplishes this dominance.

Grease is digested by ENZYMATIC and converted to fatty acids, glycerols, carbon dioxide and water. This process is called solubilisation. It inherently prevents reconstitution of the grease recreating the problem further down the line ‑ as can happen when using chemicals and solvents. Some of the other by‑products of solubilisation become nutrients for other bacteria present to further reduce accumulation.

The importance of this feature cannot be overstated in terms of Shipboard safety and survival.

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